Islamic Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Architecture - Essay Example Islamic designers acquired much from the fallen Persian Empire’s engineering. A lot later subsequent to seeing combinations with numerous conventions, when Islam came into the subcontinent, the previously common Indian engineering needed to adjust with this new religion (Metcalf). Curves, mosques and vaults started to show up on the scene alongside the Hindu mandirs. Muslim rulers presented these Islamic conventions and furthermore obtained components from Hindu design to additionally adorn their own structures. Islamic design was spoken to by a particular provincial panache. This was when Islamic design was vigorously affected by Persian, Turkish and Jerkasi customs followed by Fatmids, Salejuqs, Atabeqids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, and Ottomans. The impacts upon the engineering were not the decision of Muslim designers and craftsman; rather, they were Muslim rulers who chose to join outside conventional components winning in the earth, to upgrade their own engineering. The most hug e instances of Islamic design confronting syncretism are seen during the Mughal time frame. Structures that were built during Mughal time were enlivened by the Indian design with slight contacts from Persian engineering. The city of Fatehpur Sikri shows large instances of combination of Hindu and Islamic engineering empowered by Akbar. Taj Mahal in Agra delineates strict syncretism and is well known for its excellent design improved by white marbles, advanced carvings and minarets. These styles that were energized during the medieval period were neither absolutely Islamic nor Indian; rather, these were a combination of the two religions and their conventions. Returning into history, Ottomans taught Byzantine building highlights into Islamic design when they took the city from Byzantines and changed the house of God into a mosque.

Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (582 words) - Hermia, Demetrius

Midsummer Nights Dream All through the book, A Midsummer Night's Dream, William Shakespeare portrays the subject of untamed love through the activities and characters of his characters. The manner in which he depicts Hermia's relationship with Lysander and the results their interminable love, just as the depiction of Helena and her commitment to Demetrius are two pervasive instances of rebellious love. Helena embodies rebellious love with her absence of worry about outcomes that she could have brought upon herself. She was profoundly enamored with the individual that was locked in to her closest companion. Helena chats with Hermia about her affection for Demetrius in the quote underneath. : Helena-?O, show me what you look like and with what craftsmanship you influence the movement of Demetrius' heart' Hermia-?I disapprove of him, yet he still cherishes me.' Helena-?O, that your grimaces would show my grins such expertise!' Hermia-?I give him curses, yet he gives me love.' Helena-?O, that my supplications could such love move!' Hermia-?The more I abhor, the more that he tails me.' Helena-?The more I love, the more he hateth me.' page 20-21 In the statement above, Hermia and Helena are having a top to bottom discussion about Demetrius and his affection advantages. Helena would effectively have the man she adored, Demetrius notice her. Helena's adoration knows no limits; she cannot to acknowledge the way that her one genuine romance is to be hitched to her closest companion Hermia. This is before long changed by the scandalous Puck and his intense blossom. Puck's blossom was made when Cupid was pointing his bow, and missed he struck a blossom in the forested areas. At the point when the dew is put on the eyes of any living creature during their rest, they will begin to look all starry eyed at the following creature that they see at the point when they wake. Puck watches the entirety of the issues that Hermia, Helena, Lysander, furthermore, Demetrius have made and thinks of an arrangement to fix them by utilizing cupids blossom to make Demetrius become hopelessly enamored with Helena. Puck makes all the more an issue at the point when he puts dew on both of the men. The two of them conscious and fall frantically enamored with Helena.Helena imagines that they are pulling a prank on her and she is confounded. The statement beneath shows an extract from the book wherein Helena is confounded and imagines that the men are prodding her. : Helena-?Wherefore was I to this sharp joke conceived? When at your hands did I merit this contempt? Is ?t not enough, is ?t insufficient, youngster, That I did never, no, nor never can Merit a sweet look from Demetrius' eye, But you should mock my inadequacy?' Helena, left totally confounded by Lysander and Demetrius, accepts that they are playing a pitiless joke her. She doesn't believe that it is cupid's blossom causing this circumstance. Hermia, who Lysander was head over heels in adoration with, can't accept he had dropped out of affection with her. Hermia is resolved to win back her sweet Lysander regardless. Puck perceives how harmed and befuddled Hermia is and again changes Lysander's feelings by the utilization of cupid's bloom. Hermia and Helena both cherished somebody so much that they were blinded by their adoration for that individual. They did whatever they needed to do to keep their actual adores. This is the thing that rebellious love will be Love that has no limits, love that is not characterized by words. Feelings and activities run rebellious love not rules. The characters of Helena and Hermia are what untamed love is about which is blinded love and activities driven by feelings and dedication for their cherished one.

Ancient Kemet :: World History

Old Kemet Egypt was without question the main incredible human progress in Africa. Encircled by the antagonistic desert, Egypt emerged as a crowded settlement as an endowment of the Nile River, which overflowed encompassing fields and consequently bolstered game and wild plants. Riding the vital land junction between Africa, Asia, and Europe, Egypt additionally turned into a point for trade between the Mediterranean and Red oceans and the Persian Gulf. Numerous advancements influencing the remainder of Africa occurred in or close to the Nile Valley, for example, the development of plants and the improvement of metal purifying. Hence, Egypt's significant job in framing early African developments has been settled. In present day times, researchers regularly disparaged the commitments of old Egypt to European human advancement. Over two centuries prior, when the Ptolemaic Greeks came to govern Egypt, they widely received and deciphered Egyptian profound, material, political, stylish, and scholarly frameworks. Albeit later Greek specialists uninhibitedly recognized their social obligation to Egypt, during the nineteenth century numerous European authors, restricted by their ethnocentrism and bigotry, concluded that dark Africa could have had nothing to do with Europe's ascent to significance. Some regarded Egypt as Middle Eastern and separated from it from the remainder of Africa, while others went further, declaring the transcendence of northern Aryan wellsprings of Greek human advancement to the virtual rejection of Semitic, African, and Egyptian impacts. Starting in old occasions, Egypt was a certified junction of people groups and societies, and its people groups were multiethnic and multiracial, as delineated in dynastic drawings of their rulers. They originated from as far path as Asia Minor and Nubia, in the upper Nile Valley. Antiquated Kemet :: World History Antiquated Kemet Egypt was without question the principal incredible development in Africa. Encircled by the unfriendly desert, Egypt emerged as a crowded settlement as an endowment of the Nile River, which overflowed encompassing fields and therefore upheld game and wild plants. Riding the vital land junction between Africa, Asia, and Europe, Egypt additionally turned into a point for trade between the Mediterranean and Red oceans and the Persian Gulf. Numerous advancements influencing the remainder of Africa occurred in or close to the Nile Valley, for example, the development of plants and the improvement of metal refining. Hence, Egypt's significant job in framing early African human advancements has been settled. In current occasions, researchers regularly belittled the commitments of old Egypt to European human advancement. Over two centuries prior, when the Ptolemaic Greeks came to lead Egypt, they broadly received and deciphered Egyptian profound, material, political, tasteful, and scholarly frameworks. Albeit later Greek specialists unreservedly recognized their social obligation to Egypt, during the nineteenth century numerous European journalists, restricted by their ethnocentrism and bigotry, concluded that dark Africa could have had nothing to do with Europe's ascent to enormity. Some regarded Egypt as Middle Eastern and separated from it from the remainder of Africa, though others went further, attesting the superiority of northern Aryan wellsprings of Greek human progress to the virtual prohibition of Semitic, African, and Egyptian impacts. Starting in antiquated occasions, Egypt was a certified junction of people groups and societies, and its people groups were multiethnic and multiracial, as delineated in dynastic drawings of their rulers. They originated from as far path as Asia Minor and Nubia, in the upper Nile Valley.

Pre Natal Diognostic Techniques Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Regulation and Prevention of Misuse ) Act, 1994, was authorized and brought into activity from first January, 1996, so as to investigate female foeticide in India. Rules have other than been surrounded under the Act. The Act disallows finding and disclosure of the sex of hatchling I. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pre Natal Diognostic Techniques Health And Social Care Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now e. antenatal sex understanding by twisting diverse pre-natal symptomatic procedures and processs. It other than denies any advertizements partner to pre-natal finding of sex and recommends punishment for its question. Any person who negates the commissariats of this Act is culpable with detainment and mulct. As of late, PNDT Act[ 1 ]and Rules[ 2 ]have been altered keeping up in position the developing engineerings and new pre-natal demonstrative procedures for decision of sex when build and occupations looked in the working of execution of the ACT and certain waies of Hon’ble Supreme Court after a PIL was recorded in May, 2000 by CEHAT and Ors, a NGO on moderate execution of the Act. These corrections have come into activity with outcome from fourteenth February, 2003 PRE-NATAL DIOGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES Pre-birth analytic demonstrating includes demonstrating the embryo before the birth ( prenatally ) inorder to discover with respect to whether the hatchling has certain abnormalcies, including certain familial or self-produced familial miracles. A portion of these preliminaries, for example, echography and certain blood preliminaries, are much of the time part of ordinary pre-birth consideration. Ultrasonography and blood preliminaries are protected and at times help discover whether progressively obtrusive antenatal familial preliminaries (, for example, chorionic villus testing, amniocentesis, and transdermal umbilical blood inspecting ) are required. Pre-birth diagnosing empowers early diagnosing of inherent anomalousnesss and familial miracles in the immature undeveloped organism. The populace risk of holding a child with some natural abnormalcy, regardless of whether hereditarily and additionally earth decided, shifts somewhere in the range of 3 and 5 % . In families at peril of a familial surprise the opportunity of holding an influenced child can rise above a few overlay the populace danger, subsequently in these families pre-birth symptomatic processs ought to be absolutely applied.[ 3 ] Progressed consider ofing procedures each piece great as cytogenetic and atomic organic science techniques give the offices to name prenatally army inalienable auxiliary deformations and familial surprises in high-risk families. Early diagnosing in utero can turn out basic to heading of the incubation, antenatal and baby blues clinical consideration, and mediation. It is other than imperative to doing educated conclusions about go oning or finishing the incubation. Familial direction in relationship with present day antenatal symptomatic processs establishes an essential segment of bar of natural anomalousnesss and familial bombshells. The method of antenatal direction and diagnosing is submitted essentially to reassigning data which expects to help the guardians: †1. To comprehend and concede the indicants for antenatal diagnosing, 2. To comprehend the clinical aspects of doing the diagnosing of a familial illness or an inherent abnormalcy ( by qualifying the furious, type of legacy, the risk of holding an influenced kid in successive coevalss ) , 3. To do educated picks about the satisfactory for a given pathology and adequate symptomatic procedure ( by delineating the conceivable analytic strategies and processs, their advantages, limitations and dangers ) . Blending to World Health Organization ( WHO ) and European Commission ‘s proposals, antenatal diagnosing ought to be willful and performed simply so as to get cognizance about fetal wellbeing position ( as portrayed by clinical indicants ) . Achievability of antenatal diagnosing ought to be equivalent, just, and accessible to anybody, independent of the couple ‘s or clinical practician ‘s mentality towards lapse of growth. In case of having an unnatural result, the assurance about termination of the growth ought to be made autonomously by the grown-up female or the team. People groups doing such judgments ought to non be oppressed, whatever assurance they have made: either finishing the incubation or bringing forth a crippled child. Strategies for antenatal diagnosing can be partitioned into: †( a ) Non-Invasive ; and ( B ) Invasive methods. NON-INVASIVE PROCEDURES Non-Invasive methods are utilized for naming characteristic anomalousnesss and danger examination of given familial surprises ( testing ) aë†? Ultrasound: Routine obstetric ultrasound filter: †Everyday obstetric ultrasound checking performed by the obstetrician pull offing the incubation. Guidelines for typical growths accommodate four sweeps completed at: 11-14 hebdomads, 21-26 hebdomads, 27-32 hebdomads, and 40 hebdomad of incubation. High-goals ultrasound output and Doppler surveies: †Performed in any incubation with an expanded peril of fetal basic abnormalcies, disengaged or bit of a familial disorder. Womans are alluded for high-goals ultrasound to pro Centers pull offing terrible developments. In ongoing mature ages 3-dimensional ultrasound ( 3D ) and 4-dimensional ultrasound ( 4D ) have begun to play an expanding capacity in antenatal diagnosing. They can be applied in estimating facial attributes, cardinal sensory system abnormalcies and skeletal deformities. Fetal chest echocardiography: †Performed at 18-23 hebdomads of development within the sight of an expanded risk of chest deformity ( for delineation: chest imperfection in a parent or kin, unnatural usual way of doing things ultrasound ) aë†? Attractive reverberation creative mind ( MRI ) X-ray is utilized in blend with ultrasound, ordinarily at or after 18 hebdomads ‘ development. X-ray gives an instrument to examination of fetuss with large or complex anomalousnesss, and visual picture of the abnormalcy comparable to the full natural structure of the baby. Obviously MRI is a riskless technique. aë†? Maternal serum natural chemistry demonstrating Obtrusive PROCEDURES Obtrusive processs include direct examination of fetal cells or tissues. Old style cytogenetic, sub-atomic and biochemical strategies ( performed on unstudied or socialized cells ) are the frequently utilized in antenatal obtrusive diagnosing. The processs should take topographic point in specializer Centers that oversee awful developments. While sing obtrusive techniques all indicants and measures should be painstakingly assessed as there is a significant risk to the gestation[ 4 ]. Intrusive methods include: aë†? Chorionic villus examining ( trophoblast cells examination ) aë†? Amniocentesis ( amnionic liquid cells examination ) aë†? Cordocentesis ( Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling ) According to The Pre-origination and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques ( Prohibition of Sex Selection ) Act, 1994, pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques includes[ 5 ]: †Ultra-sonography Fetoscopy Taking examples of amnionic liquid, incipient organism, blood or any tissue or liquid of pregnant grown-up females previously or after build, Testing tests in Genetic Laboratory to watch familial miracles, abnormalcies or sex-connected infections Out of the above expressed antenatal methods, the most regularly utilized sex-assurance preliminary is ammnicentesis. It was utilized as a help to watch any abnormalcy in the unborn child. In any case, over the mature ages it has been utilized to discover the sex of the hatchling. In India since 1978 the preliminary is being utilized as a sex finding or sex preselection preliminary. Since so the preliminary has gotten profoundly well known and has prompted a mushrooming of private facilities which play out the preliminary everywhere throughout the state. Prior doctors utilized the dubious amniocentesis preliminary done between 14-18 hebdomads to discover the sex of the foetus.The ultrasound method has other than been improved. The sex of an embryo can be dictated by increasingly complex machines inside 13-14 hebdomads of growth by trans-vaginal echography and by 14 to 16 hebdomads through stomach ultrasound. These techniques have rendered sex finding modest and simple. Some complex t echnique like Erison strategy which isolates the Ten and Y Chromos from the sperm thus Injects back only Y chromos into the uterus to ensure a male kid have other than been created. What's more, they cost around Rupees 15,000 to 25,000.[ 6 ] THE PROBLEM OF FOETICIDE IN INDIA The Women who comprise half of the human populace have been segregated, bothered and abused regardless of the state to which they have a place, absent minded of the confidence which they affirm and ignorant of the time allotment in which they live.[ 7 ]Everywhere grown-up females are gone up against with numerous difficulties. Female foeticide is perhaps one of the most noticeably terrible signifiers of power against grown-up females where a grown-up female is denied her generally fundamental and cardinal right i.e â€Å" the privilege to life † . The marvel of female foeticide in India is non new, where female undeveloped organisms or fetuss are specifically killed after pre-natal sex finding, subsequently smothering miss kid even before they are conceived. As an outcome of particular fetus removal, somewhere in the range of 35 and 40 million misss and grown-up females are losing from the Indian populace. In certain pieces of the express, the sex proportion of misss to young men has dropped to under 800:1000. The United Nations has communicated genuine worry about the situation. The long standing custom of kid affinity, combined with clinical building currently provides for the position witting Indian family units, the pick between installment of huge doweries for their young ladies or riddance of young ladies. The customary strategy for obtaining free of the undesirable miss kid was female child murder, where the female angel was done off with after birth in grouped manners †either by harming the darling or permitting her gagging loop on refuse or only by abusing her skull und

Ice Fili Essay Example

Ice Fili Essay Example Ice Fili Paper Ice Fili Paper As the contextual investigation shows, in the fallout of the 1998 Russian monetary emergency, competition in the Russian dessert industry multiplied, from 150 of every 1998 to 300 organizations by 2002. The extreme competition can be clarified by the way that benefit proportion for frozen yogurt creation is around 15 to 20 %, an edge that is viewed as high by Russian food industry guidelines (p. 5). What's more, local Russian frozen yogurt is one the least expensive on the planet to deliver and purchase, which to some extent clarifies the noteworthy ascent of profoundly serious local Ice cream makers, who these days represent about 30% of the local Russian market (p. 1). Outside organizations, for example, Nestle and Basking Robbins have had the option to recruit in the Russian frozen yogurt advertise by delivering, circulating and selling their dessert items locally through Cafes and Kiosks. Moscow-based makers, for example, Ice-Fill have basically centered around deals Kiosks and Supermarkets. Local makers command the rustic and progressively removed regions of Russia, for example, Siberia. Be that as it may, as the piece shows, they have been endeavoring to contend in the bigger metropolitan territories also. The watchword is open market. For a considerable length of time, Russian frozen yogurt was created and expended in a socialist system. To comprehend that is to realize that he populace had constrained access and adaptability to the Ice cream it expended. At the point when the disintegration of the Soviet association came It released an enormous want for change all through the whole nation. A decent similarity to show nature of the market in Russia after the breakdown is the Renaissance Era. A similar way the Renaissance was the resurgence of culture all through Europe, the new market was the resurgence of new thoughts, and encounters to Russia. It was an ideal time to present new items, more assortment of existing items, and a perfect time for global organizations to enter the market. Notwithstanding, the budgetary breakdown of 1998 crashed the market altogether. Ben n Jerry left the market, others like Nestle stayed in view of their enormous venture. Quick sending to the sasss you at that point saw a development of neighborhood organizations. These nearby organizations were liberated from the olds limitations of the Soviet association and had the option to work at lower costs. By and large, the market truly Is up for the taking for a few reasons; 1) the market chief (Ice-fill) has not arrived at Its latent capacity, gradually it is beginning to wake up, yet their rivals can exploit their absence of direness; 2) ten International organizations appear to De nappy Walt need high schooler nave Ana despite the fact that they try different things with new thoughts, there isnt any genuine forceful procedures for assuming control over (Nestle has been making strong moves and they may be the first to take Ice-Fill from the top); and 3) the littler organizations are getting their pieces however not having enough of an effect to fundamentally affect the market, in any event not yet. So Id state, yes this market is appealing, and it is a generally excellent time for Ben n Jerry to return with full power. 2) Do you anticipate that its engaging quality should change over the ext five years? Indeed, I expect the Russian frozen yogurt industry to expand its piece of the overall industry in utilization as long as, in addition to other things, the industry changes its way to deal with the showcasing and selling of dessert (for additional on this, go to address 3). The contextual investigation communicates worries for household frozen yogurt makers by raising the likelihood that Nestles solid nearness in the Russian market will in the end dispense with any test from local makers, including Ice-Fill, in the medium and long haul extends by refering to Nestles strength of the Egyptian market (p. 14); however I question this will happen in light of the fact that the Egyptian market is a lot littler than Russians and the residential makers in Egypt may have not had the optio n to locate the monetary assets and human ability to rival Nestle. Note that Russians are glad for their frozen yogurt. It is extraordinary. Be that as it may, if nearby organizations keep on lingering behind on advancement and advertising, the outside powers (Nestle, and so forth ) are going to keep on extending their essence in Russia and perhaps dispense with them. Ice-Fill is in a remarkable situation to have an effect. They have the history and he brand mindfulness, yet they havent actually forcefully assaulted the market and improved. On the off chance that Nestle prevails with regards to ousting Ice-fill, or if Ice-Fill utilizes its muscle and extends its piece of the overall industry, the dessert showcase in Russia would lose a portion of its engaging quality. 3) Could the business structure be made massively increasingly alluring? Provided that this is true, how? Truly, I accept so. The Russian frozen yogurt showcase has been on a downturn over the most recent couple of years because of the expansion in purchaser interest for soft drinks, lager and sweet shops. As the contextual investigation brings up, the frozen yogurt industry verifiably has not expected to connect much in promoting exercises because of the Soviet-style plan of action, which depended on focal arranging and creation, and the notoriety of desserts. Reseller's exchange changing, the worldwide organizations made them advertise accomplishment because of the freshness of the local makers however, generally, frozen yogurt showcasing has slacked that of other eminent food enterprises in Russia. As the investigation noted, Ice-Fill didn't run its first TV publicizing business until 2001 (p. 9). During that equivalent year, the dessert business spent distinctly about 1% of its gross deals on showcasing, while the ere and soft drinks advertise had burned through 2% and 7% separately (p. 2). In that regard, the frozen yogurt advertise underachieved. In the event that the dessert business increases its showcasing determination, deals will probably increment. The business should invest heavily in their local created frozen yogurt, which they guarantee numerous outsiders believe is the best on the planet (p. 2). The business ought to likewise exploit the nourishing bit of leeway frozen yogurt has over brew and soft drinks as wellspring of protein (and elective diabetic frozen yogurt) and enhancement of its utilization as an in-home utilization item for menu sizes and pastries, something the business has neglected to tap on up until this point. The potential Is residency out It needs to a performance showcasing deliberately, particularly Day ten predecessor makers, which targets purchasers persistently and over and over, in a coordinated exertion. A) Who are Ice-Files significant contenders? As recently referenced, notwithstanding the downturn of the Russian frozen yogurt piece of the overall industry visit-a-visit other food enterprises, rivalry inside the business has prospered (p. 10), with the quantity of contenders multiplying in size, from 150 of every 1998, to 300 of every 2002. Ice-Files fundamental contenders are the local territorial makers, who have enticed to contend in the enormous metropolitan communities, and the worldwide organizations, most remarkably Nestle and Basking ; Robbins. B) How all around situated is Ice-Fill comparative with its key rivals? The examination shows Ice-Fill deals of frozen yogurt (and different items) happened through booths, minarets, cafés and schools. As opposed to building up their own dissemination organize, Ice-Fill depended on contracting with different organizations for conveyance and deals of its items, yet these organizations were not contracted solely given they likewise convey Ice-Files contenders items, a large portion of these in the Moscow zone and very little past that. The household local organizations had their own deals and appropriation channels given their specialty was in provincial areas, for example, Siberian Marko, which began as a frozen yogurt merchant ; retailer and wound up setting up assembling, conveyance and deals abilities of their own dessert that ventured into Moscow, Ice-Files principle specialty (p. 11). The global organizations, then again, chose generally to execute similar systems they applied in different markets, with certain alterations. After the 1998 Russian money related emergency, most remote organizations left the Russian market except for Basking Robbins and Nestle. Relaxing Robbins effectively settled diversifying activities in Russia much similarly as it does in the United States, that is, through permitting autonomous organizations and business visionaries run Cafe establishments under the Basking ; Robbins brand name, supporting the franchisees in everything about the activity. Relaxing ; Robbins arrange has 105 Cafeâ ©s in 35 Russian urban communities. The examination calls attention to that Nestle has had a nearness in the Russian market since the times of the Russian Empire. Settle activities have comprised in essentially keeping up its own nearby creation costs while preparing and creating neighborhood representatives. Since 2000, Nestle has put more than $20 million in dessert creation, endeavoring to make marks that fit more the Russian market and putting vigorously in TV publicizing. By 2000, Nestle had the second biggest piece of the overall industry in Russia, just behind Ice-Fill. Ice-Fills value position was medium cost. Neighborhood makers were at 3-4 rubbles while Nestle was around 10. Ice-Fill came in around 6. Remember that Ice-Fill has the brand acknowledgment, the quality and the convention. I accept this is a great meeting to be in for the occasion. Nonetheless, when the new procedures are actualized the new valuing methodology may must be thought of. C) Is this position manageable? Regardless of Intense rivalry In ten Ice cream advertise, Ice-HI appears to appreciate ten lead in piece of the overall industry in Russia for the occasion, with a 5% share (p. 10). For the time being, indeed, this position is practical, however in the medium and long terms, no, given the reality, as the examination brings up, the Moscow showcase is as of now immersed with stands, corners and minarets and Ice-Files dissemination conspire is extremely restricting, particularly visitvisit TTS household provincial contenders, even in the Moscow advertise, and remote contenders outside of Moscow. It is mind blowing that Ice-Fill has a lead in the piece of the pie in spite of the reality Nestle outspends Ice-Fill in promoting and has a serious edge in

Imagery Rehearsal Therapy to Treat Nightmares With PTSD

Imagery Rehearsal Therapy to Treat Nightmares With PTSD PTSD Treatment Print Imagery Rehearsal Therapy to Treat Nightmares With PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 26, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Juanmonino / Getty Images Imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) is a  cognitive-behavioral treatment  for reducing the number and intensity of nightmares among people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).  Nightmares or terrifying dreams are among the most common PTSD symptoms. IRT focuses directly on helping to make nightmares less intense for people with PTSD. If youve ever had a nightmare, you probably woke up just at the moment when it felt most frightening. Thats because, as you probably know, the intensity of a nightmare usually builds until the sleeper is too terrified to continue--and wakes up. In IRT treatment, youre helped to reimagine your nightmares with different, less frightening outcomes. The goal is to reprogram your nightmares to be less terrifying if and when they occur again. How Imagery Rehearsal Therapy Works In IRT, your therapist first provides you with background information on sleep and nightmares to set the scene for learning to manage them. Then, working with your therapist, you: Create detailed, nonfrightening endings for nightmares youve had repeatedlyWrite down and rehearse the nightmares with the new endingsLearn how to monitor your nightmares so you know how well your IRT treatment is working Often a person with PTSD has already thought about whether it might help to reimagine and defuse nightmares so theyre less frightening. That can help make starting IRT feel more comfortable and hopeful, but it isnt necessary for the technique to be successful. Could Imagery Rehearsal Therapy Itself Be Upsetting? Your therapist will likely ask you to begin your IRT with one or more of your less-frightening nightmares. Why? To build your confidence and help keep you from being frightened by the nightmares again as you bring them into your waking hours. The goal is not to trigger emotional responses. Instead, its to help you view your nightmares with as little emotion as possible. Typically the therapist will start the rehearsal process by saying something to help you stay calm, such as, Now well rehearse the dream--not the nightmare. Think of it as a crawl before you walk approach. How Long Does Imagery Rehearsal Therapy Last? Its important to be aware that IRT is not an open-ended therapy. It lasts for a specific length of time because its focused only on nightmares, which are just one symptom of PTSD. If you are having a number of PTSD symptoms, consider looking into more broad-based treatments, such as exposure therapy. Is Imagery Rehearsal Approach Right for You? You can work with IRT alone with your therapist or as part of group therapy. Although the usual goal of IRT is achieving less frightening endings to nightmares, different people with PTSD may have different ideas about what they want from it. For example, you may want to change an entire nightmare, or a large portion of it, while someone else wants to reimagine only a few small details. Your therapist will work with you to choose the IRT approach that best fits your needs. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Medical Activities for High School Students Interested in Medical School

High school students who want to go to medical school can start working toward that goal by participating in extracurricular activities within the medical field. These types of extracurricular activities can give high school students a closer look at various specialties within the medical profession. Plus, students can use these extracurricular activities to help them gain acceptance into a preferred college. Consider a few examples of medical activities for high school students who are interested in going to med school: Volunteer at a Hospital Becoming a volunteer at a hospital is one of the most interesting medical activities for high school students to pursue. There are many different departments in a hospital that need volunteers. For example, a high school student can work at the information desk in the main lobby of a hospital, directing people to the rooms of family members and answering questions of visitors. This is a great way to observe the day-to-day operations of a hospital. Or a high school student could perform clerical work. This may include putting medical files away, entering patient information into a computer, or answering telephones. A high school student doing clerical work would get to see the behind-the-scenes activities necessary to keep a hospital running. Hospital volunteers also help deliver meals to patients, transport patients to different departments, and distribute magazines as well as other reading material. All of these tasks would give a high school student valuable experience working in a hospital setting. Students must be ready to dedicate several hours a week to this volunteer activity in order to learn as much as possible. Volunteer on an Ambulance Working as a volunteer on an ambulance is another example of an extracurricular for medical school. Volunteers assist the emergency medical service workers on runs to homes and businesses. This type of volunteer work gives students experience dealing with emergency situations and teaches them how to treat various injuries. Also, it gives a high school student the chance to see the treatment of a patient before they reach the hospital. This would be an appealing option for a high school student interested in becoming a medical professional working in an emergency room. Shadow a Doctor When it comes to extracurricular activities for medical school, shadowing a doctor is an excellent choice for a mature high school student. Of course, a student must get the permission of a doctor and set up a suitable schedule. Shadowing a doctor gives a student the opportunity to witness interactions between the doctor and their patients. Also, the doctor can fill the student in on what is written on an examination sheet, how to diagnose certain ailments, and how to go about answering a patient’s questions. Shadowing a doctor for a long period of time serves as an impressive extracurricular for medical school. In addition, the student may want to ask the doctor for a letter of recommendation to submit with a college application. A glowing letter from a doctor can carry a lot of weight with college admissions officials. Work in a Doctor’s Office One of the most useful extracurricular activities for medical school is working in a doctor’s office as a volunteer assistant. A high school student in this position may help with a number of different tasks. For instance, the student may assist with clerical work, direct patients to examination rooms, or take basic information from patients under the guidance of a nurse. A student gets to see the teamwork it takes to keep a doctor’s office operating in an efficient way. This is one of those medical school extracurriculars that conveys a student’s interest in learning about all aspects of a doctor’s office. At Veritas Prep, our experienced consultants advise students on every part of their college application this includes evaluating a student’s medical school extracurriculars to determine which ones to highlight for admissions officials. We also guide students as they study for the SAT  and  for the ACT. Our instructors review practice test results with students to create an efficient study plan, as we know that these test  scores play a critical role in a student’s path toward medical school. Our SAT and ACT prep courses are available both in person and online so students can get all of the study time they need to ace the test. Contact Veritas Prep today! Do you need  help with your  college applications? Visit our  College Admissions  website and fill out our  FREE Profile Evaluation for personalized feedback on your unique background!  And as always, be sure to follow us on Facebook, YouTube, Google+, and  Twitter!