The Educational Needs of Students with ODD

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is one of two pediatric behavioral disorders defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (DSM V) that are included as qualifying disabilities in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). While not as serious as Conduct Disorder, whose symptoms include  aggression and property destruction, ODD still compromises a students ability to succeed academically and develop meaningful relationships with peers and teachers. Students diagnosed with ODD may be found in general education settings if it is determined that the disorder does not prevent them  from participating fully in the general education classroom. It is also possible that some students with ODD in programs for Emotional Disturbances can manage their own behavior well enough that they can successfully be integrated into general education classrooms. Symptoms of ODD Students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder exhibit the following symptoms: Anger and resentmentTendency to argueShort temperUnwillingness to comply with adults requests or rulesTendency to annoy peopleSpite and vindictiveness A mental health professional would only make an ODD  diagnosis if the above symptoms occurred more frequently than they do in a comparable age or developmental group.  Fifteen-year-olds often argue with adults, and they can be touchy or easily annoyed, but a 15-year-old diagnosed with ODD would be significantly more argumentative or touchy in a way that affected their day-to-day functioning. Co-Morbidity with Other Behavioral Challenges or Disabilities The DSM V notes that a significant number of children seen in a clinical setting for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are also diagnosed as having ODD. The manual  also notes that many children with impulse control problems are also frequently diagnosed with ODD. Best Practices for Students with ODD All students benefit from classroom settings with structure and clear expectations. It is critical in both general education settings where students with ODD are included, and in  self-contained settings,  that the expectations are clear, explicit, and above all consistent. The most important elements of a successful classroom are: A Structured Environment: Some assumptions about how a classroom should be organized may be inappropriate for students with ODD. Seating arrangements that put children into clusters of four may be fine in settings where children are raised with high expectations but may create too many opportunities for disruptive behavior among children with ODD. Students with ODD often use seating arrangements as occasions for high drama that are much more about work avoidance than interpersonal dynamics. Remember, your role is to be a teacher, not a therapist. Seating students in rows or pairs is often the best way to start the school year. Routines:  Unlike strict rules, routines make expectations clear in a way that is value-neutral. Instead of creating a rule that says Never get out of line, create a routine where students get used to standing in line, walking without touching or bothering their neighbors, and getting quickly and quietly to their destination at school. Establishing routines means being pro-active, and planning thoroughly what your classroom expectations will be. Where will students place their backpacks? Will they be able to access them during the day? Only before lunch? How does one get the teachers attention? Do you raise your hand, place a red cup on top of your desk, or hang a red flag from  your desk? Any one of these options could help create a routine that works well in a structured class. A Reinforcement-Rich Environment: Pay attention to the things your students like or think are important. Most boys (the majority of children with ODD) love free time on the computer, and most schools block access to  objectionable sites. Let students earn their time on the computer by completing academic tasks, by earning points for appropriate behavior, or by reaching behavioral or academic goals. A Calm and Collected Teacher: The function of the behavior associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder is often to engage people in authority in a tug of war or power play. As a teacher, the most important thing is not to engage in a battle that no one will win.

The Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment - 1261 Words

According to the news, by 2050, our ocean will hold plastic more than fish. How scary image to think about. About 71% of earth’s surface is covered by water, which means 71% of earth’s surface is covered by plastic, and people have already used most of our sources from 29% of the earth. Air pollution is also really bad right now especially in developing countries. They burn coal so much that the carbon dioxide amount in the air is too high. On the other hand, companies do not pay attention at all on the cleaning environment where people work; therefore, it causes a lot of people ill due to the dirty environment. People waste so many product and materials that they could recycle and use again, however, they barely reuse them. Bags that people get from WholeFood or Wallgreens could easily use them again, because most of the bags are paper bags and they are designed to let people recycle them. Wasting useable objects makes the world in to pollution and unhealthy lifestyle. Some firms in China or other developing countries, after using chemicals, they just pour the chemicals to the river near them rather than filtrating them to normal liquid that have no harm for water. They don’t care about the river, however, they only focus on the profit they get from the society. They never realize who consume their products, and if the consumers become unhealthy, who would these firms sell to? Nobody. Therefore, their economy benefit would decrease and finally bankrupt. What should theseShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental pollution will cause direct damage to the ecosystem and impact, such as desertification, forest destruction, water eutrophication, will also give ecological systems and human society caused by indirect harm, and sometimes this indirect environmental effects than the harm caused Of the direct harm is greater, more difficult to eliminate. For example, the greenhouse e ffect, acid rain, and ozone depletion are the environmental effects of air pollution. This environmental effect derived fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment749 Words   |  3 Pagesindustry that requires urgent attention is environmental pollution. Increased economic activity produces an increasing amount of waste that producers must dispose of. Of particular interest to policymakers are air pollutants, which are easily disposed of through pipes and vents by producers at a minimal cost. Air pollution has been shown to increase respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and increased cancer rates. Additionally, air pollution has substantially increased the amount of greenhouseRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesBackground and Analysis Air pollution is the infiltration of chemicals or toxic molecules into the atmosphere. In the global context many countries including China, the United States, Mexico, and others are haunted by pollution in the air. However each has a certain degree of air pollution different from the other. Air pollution kills animals and plants by intoxicating our bodies with harmful bacteria and chemicals. Unless our bodies become immune or we learn to clear the pollution earth s ecosystemRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution can result from both human and natural actions. Natural events that pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural occurrences is not very often. Human action include but not limited to industrial pollution, bush burning, biomass and many others. â€Å"Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agentRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment1198 Words   |  5 Pages Lichens are durable and can grow in harsh environments where there is little or no soil. Lichens can tolerate severe temperatures both hot and cold. Despite their durability lichen are not impervious, many are sensitive to air pollution because they are dependent on moisture from rain for growth. Smog is a common air pollution which is the result of the burning fuels like coal and gasoline which releases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into the air later turning in to acids when introduce withRead MoreAir Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1210 Words   |  5 PagesAir pollution has become a huge dilemma in our environment. Pollution is caused by the toxic release of chemicals and pollutants; releasing pollutants into the atmosphere harm the planet and pose a threat to human lives. Some of these pollutants include Carbon Monoxide, lead, acid gases, and Nitrogen oxides. Most of these pollutants are caused by industrial factories and vehicle exhaust. Air pollution is a global battle and preventing it will only help decrease the existing damage. In China, airRead MoreAir Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1613 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious exhaust gases today, a level of air pollution has significantly increased in the environment. The smog enveloping the city is the most visible and obvious sign of urban pollution. However, even invisible harmful particles can have a big impact on the quality of airspace. In general, any substance released into the environment and having an adverse effect, is an air pollution. Hazardous substances present in the air, not only affect the environment but to a greater extent on the person whoRead MoreAir Pollution And Its Effect On The Environment814 Words   |  4 PagesAir is vital to our planet, life is simply impossible without it. Air pollution â€Å"refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive as the air becomes dirty.† (Jacobson, 2017) Air pollution has introduced countless negative effects toRead MoreThe Effects Of Indoor Air Pollution On The Environment996 Words   |  4 PagesHumans, animals, and plants need air to survive, but how can they survive if the air that they breathe is polluted? Every cell in your body needs oxygen in order to live. The air that everyone breathes contains oxygen and other gases. Hazardous chemicals escape into the environment to pollute the air from numerous human activities. The ever growing combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the biggest pr ogressive change in the atmosphere. Despite the other numerous environmentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The Environment2797 Words   |  12 PagesThe typical public, particularly sick people with upper or inferior respiratory symptoms know that severe respiratory impacts can take place due to air pollution based on the information from the media. It is vital for the relevant specialists to possess present information of the probable health impacts as well as the manner in which they might influence their clients in order to instruct them adequately. In particular, the specialists in the field should meticulously know that both gaseous as well

Abortion And The Second Presidential Debate Essay

I have chosen to write about abortion and its role in the third presidential debate of 2016. To begin, we need to understand abortion and how it is received in the United States before we try to understand how the current candidates addressed abortion. Abortion has been a hot button topic in the United States since Roe vs. Wade in 1973 when criminalizing abortion was considered unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the 14th amendment. This trial created a nationwide debate on not only the legalization of abortion but also the restrictions and regulations. To best understand the topic, it is best we look at both sides of the issue. Pro-Life or anti-abortion activists often argue that the fetus is a human immediately after fertilization, resulting in murder or killing innocent human beings. Pro-Choice or Pro- abortion activists often argue that regardless of the status of the fetus, women should have the right to choose what to do with their bodies. According to the Nationa l Abortion Federation on prochoice.org, abortion was common and openly used around the time of the creation of the constitution. In the mid-1800’s abortion became illegal state by state, the reasoning behind criminalization varied by state but it was believed there was a fear the population would be primarily children of immigrants rather that Anglo-Saxon women if abortion remained legal. The third debate primarily focused on later term abortions. Typically abortions are considered late termShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Permissible?1238 Words   |  5 PagesWhether abortion is legalized or illegal, abortion is Immoral (Presidential debates) Abortion is a very delicate issue that we heard about a lot the last two years from the political debates of our country. Many people from the democrat and the republican parties had repetitively debated whether or not an abortion should be tolerable or not tolerable. Some considered that ending the life of a human fetus is very bad and should not be permissible at all. Republican Party alleged that abortion is likeRead MoreAbortion : A Positive And Negative Effects1488 Words   |  6 Pagescircumstances† and as a result the change is clearly being shown in the polls conducted in may of 2015. Abortion is currently being presented on CNN.com. Abortion had been shown in the media as a topic that is discussed amongst the presidential candidates for their campaigns. In these different campaigns abortion is being discussed as both a positive and negative thing.One canidate that described abortion as a positive thing was Hillary Clinton. As stated in a speech by Hillary Clinton said Sunday â€Å"sheRead MoreFallacies And The Argumentum Ad Populum By Donald Trump919 Words   |  4 Pagesto benefit their side of the argument. Throughout the final presidential debate of 2016 multiple fallacies were found from both sides of the party, but were more strongly evident from the republican nominee Donald Trump. Fallacies should be avoided in order to deliver a successful argument. However, this debate was plagued with fallacies that made the argument baseless and illogical. One of the most prominent fallacies found in the debate was the â€Å"Argumentum Ad Populum†. There are different approachesRead MoreRonald Reagan ´s Legacy: Influential or Not? Essay examples770 Words   |  4 PagesAngeles where he pursued an acting career. 3 years later he married his first wife Jane Wyman. With her they had 2 children Maureen and Christine. They adopted a third named Michael. Reagan and Jane divorced in 1949. On March 4, 1952, he married his second wife Nancy Davis. With her he also had two children, Patti and Ron. After Reagan left his acting career behind he became a spokesman for General Electric where it is believed that he started his political career. Reagan was first a Democrat butRead MorePresidential Debate Essay581 Words   |  3 PagesPresidential Debate Another four years another presidential debate. Before I go on to the current debates let me state a few facts about past ones. The Lincoln and Douglas debate was in important because it started Lincoln presidential career. The Debates lasted from August 21 -- October 15. There where seven of them, with two days to two weeks in between. Each debate lasted three hours; first candidate spoke for one hour; the second for one and a half hours; the first replying for a half hourRead MoreThe Freedom Of The Press1124 Words   |  5 Pagesknow it. Some of the most contentious debates in our nation center around religious beliefs. One striking example of this is with the long-standing debate on the right to an abortion. There are many different reasons why Americans oppose abortion, one of which being religious. Some argue that abortion is against the word of God and the Bible. â€Å"There’s a spiritual aspect to this, which is very real. I think virtually every religion condemns the practice of abortion, recognizes that life is a gift fromRead MoreSandra Day OConner802 Words   |  4 Pagesvotes in four counties in the State of Florida. These votes had to be recounted several times. All ballots had to be verified that they were correctly marked with no question on how the voter intended to vote. The vote for 2000 Presidential Candidate was up for debate. The parties of the current President George Bush and Al Gore were at odds. The largest county in Florida had to recount and verify each and every vote cast in the election. There were numerous hours and thousands of dollars spentRead MoreThe Media and the 2000 Campaign Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch of the 2000 campaign for the Presidency, Vice President Al Gore has been seen the candidate who will win this year’s Presidential Election. The polls show Gore as leading, political analysts have been saying â€Å"Gore all the way,† and most of the general public seem to be in agreement that Gore will succeed President Bill Clinton. But recently, the past two Presidential debates have seemed to abolish the idea that Vice President Al Gore will easily be elected President over Texas Governor GeorgeRead MoreDo Public Debates Help Or Hurt Candidate Success?868 Words   |  4 PagesDo public debates help or hurt candidate success in US presidential elections? The date was September 26 1960, at exactly 7:30 p.m., somewhat an unfamiliar young and Catholic Senator from Massachusetts was about to change the world. One of the most unusual points on the timeline of history where things changed very drastically all in a single night, was about to change the political domain and of course the world. Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon was about to partake on anRead MoreThe Election Time Of The Year That All Americans Anticipate Essay1763 Words   |  8 Pagesfight for the job as being president. Before the actual Election Day, there are multiple debates between the elected candidates, which is normally one from the Republican Party and one from the Democratic Party. These are two of the largest parties that we have in the country. Each candidate gets around two minutes to answer the question that is being presented by the hosts. For this year’s presidential debate, we have Mr. Donald J Trump representing the Republica n Party and Mrs. Hillary Clinton representing

Compare And Contrast The Three Pillars Of Islam - 1157 Words

Pillars of Islam Compared to Christian Beliefs In Islam and Christianity, there are similar and different beliefs and practices. In Islam, the five pillars form the core of the religion. Muslims go about their lives abiding by these pillars (â€Å"Islam†). In Christianity, there are not necessarily pillars, but there are commandments that one should live their life by (â€Å"Christianity†). The three pillars of Islam that will be identified resemble some of the beliefs in Christianity. The declaration of faith, prayer, and a period of sacrifice are pillars of the Islamic faith but also can be found in the practice of Christianity. A pillar in the Islamic religion is faith, also called Shahada, meaning the declaration of faith in the Arabic language†¦show more content†¦Prayer is central to the practice of both Islam and Christianity. As with Islam, Christians can pray in their home if they cannot make it to a church, which is the Christian house of worship (â€Å"Beatitudes†). Jesus also said that before one even starts to pray, God knows what they will pray for. When praying, one should say the lord’s prayer. One should also forgive the sinners, and in return, they will be forgiven when they sin (â€Å"Beatitudes†). When praying, people sing, read scripture, listen to a sermon, and go to communion (â€Å"Christian Worship†). Prayer is essential to both religions, but the frequency in which the people pray varies in Islam and Christianity. Christians do not have a specific time of day or amount that they must pray. Christians pray when they feel the need to, unlike Muslims who have specific rules regarding their prayers (â€Å"Beatitudes†). While prayer is an important practice of both religions, the frequency varies as well as the method. Lastly, a pillar of Islam is fasting. Fasting takes place during the month of Ramadan. During this period of sacrifice, Muslims do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset, with the exception of the elderly, sick, or pregnant. Children start to learn and experience fasting when they reach their teenage years. If one cannot fast, they must make up the days that they missed later in the year. They alsoShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Islam And Christianity944 Words   |  4 Pages# 01 Religion 101 Islam and Christianity are wide spread religions in the world. Contrast based on five pillars of Islam and Christianity rituals. In this paper I will explain their differences and similarities based on Prothero and Paden, using paradigms â€Å"rituals†. The concept of rituals are more important in understanding religion. Prothero admits that Christianity is the great religion in the world this is not mean that Islam is not popular religion in fact he compare Islam with fast growing religionRead MoreCompare Contrast Religion Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesComparisons and Contrasts between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Between the religions of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, there are many similarities and differences that are dealt within each of them. Throughout these religions, we can compare and contrast different aspects of each religion such as some of the basic facts of their histories and some of the religious beliefs each of them have in common and or make them different from each other. In the country known as Palestine, the religionsRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Christianity871 Words   |  4 Pages1. The question of Origin. i. Of the many ways in which Islam and Christianity differ, answering the question of origin remains primarily the same as it does amongst all three of the monotheistic religions (Islam, Christianity and Judaism) wherein a single infinite God created the heavens and earth. ii. Though there is considerable contrast between how Islam and Christianity present the creation story both the Bible and the Qur’an textually agree all was created in six days (Qur’an 10:3; GenesisRead MoreCompare and Contrast Christianity and Islam921 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Christianity and Islam In Wikipedia religion is definedâ€Å"A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to an order of existence.† There are approximately more than four thousand religion in the world. Christianity and Islam are part of the major significant religion. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ approximately 2,000 years ago; Christianity is one of the most influential religions in world history. ChristianityRead MoreIslam And Islamic Terrorism : Islam Is Not All That Different From Christianity And Judaism1341 Words   |  6 Pages Despite the general resistance concerning the Islamic faith in today’s environment, Islam is not all that different from Christianity and Judaism. All three religions have extremists, and while it seems that Islamic extremists are the worst, I think that is solely due to their methodology of when, where, and how they attack. Many would disagree with me, but Christians can be equally as cruel and radical; it’s just on a much smaller scale. As with many things in today’s society, if we would justRead More Compare and Contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Human beings have always been curious about the meaning and purpose of life. Religions try to answer the curiosity people have about there being a higher source, typically identifying this greater domination as God. Some beliefs teach that there is only one G-d this is defined as a monotheistic religion. Some examples of monotheistic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Although each sect has a different perspective on teachingsRead MoreIslam And Christianity Comparative Religious Study1727 Words   |  7 PagesIslam and Christianity Comparative Religious Study Katelyn Vick B. Thornell NCGP 10 October 2014 â€Æ' Katelyn Vick Bethany Thornell AP Language Composition 10 October 2014 Islam and Christianity Comparative Religious Study Islam and Christianity are significantly different religions with its followers holding many opposing views and theories. Therefore, most find it somewhat challenging to acknowledge any common morals or similarities between Christianity and Islam. Through the comparative studyRead MoreIslam Is It Like Other Religions?2020 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: ISLAMIC RELIGION Islam Is It like Other Religions? Samantha Reitz DeVry University Out of the 6.974 billion people that live in the work about 2.1 billion practice Christianity, 1.5 billion practice Islam and lastly 14 million practice Judaism. Islam is an Abrahamic religion that is articulated by the Qur’an a book consider by its followers to be the word of God. Muslims follow aRead MoreComparing Judaism, Christianity, And Islamic Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagespractice. Out of all forms of faiths there are three that are most popular, which are Judaism, Christianity, and Islamic. According to pbs.org, all â€Å"three were born in the Middle East and are all† monotheist religions. All in which consider Abraham â€Å"to be the first Jew† and â€Å"their first prophet† (pbs.org). Like most individuals we have heard of all three and may know a little bit about each, and some may not. In this essay I will compare and contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islamic. AccordingRead More Does Islam Cause Violence in the Middle East? Essay3400 Words   |  14 Pagesan adequate assertion of the area, and of the religion of Islam? To begin various types of violence will be explored quantitatively and qualitatively to see if there is a difference in the level of violence seen in the Middle East as compared to Western States. Once it has been determined if there exists a difference in the amount of violence in the Middle East, as compared to Western States, it than shall be explored to see what role Islam may play in it. Comparing Violence It has been assumed

The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay Free Essays

The whole thought of a good instruction system is to fix out kids so that they are better prepared to confront the challenges of globalisation, liberalisation every bit good as the fast development in today ‘s information and communicating engineerings. To enable our state to make this we needed competent and resilient human capital that is able to confront the challenges locally and internationally. In order to bring forth this sort of human capital, authorities had come out with few policies in instruction system. We will write a custom essay sample on The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the policies was PPSMI that was introduced in 2003 and later it is abolished in 2012. The basic construct of PPSMI – the instruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in English The virtues of PPSMI – the instruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in English The demerits of PPSMI – the instruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in English Summary. The basic construct of PPSMI The instruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in English or in short known as PPSMI, that stands for Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik Dalam Bahasa InggerisA is a authorities policy aimed at bettering the bid of the English linguistic communication among pupils at primary and secondary schools inA Malaysia. Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, whom was the premier curate at the minute introduced this policy in 2003. However, since it was introduced, PPSMI has been a heated topic and has been debated among faculty members, politicians and even in society until the Deputy Prime Minister, Tan SriA Muhyiddin Yassin announced the policy ‘s reversal in 2012. Harmonizing to the Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin in The Star ( 2009 ) , the spread between rural and urban pupils has widened since PPSMI started. Merely 19.2 % of secondary instructors and 9.96 % of primary instructors were sufficiently proficient in English. He said this one of the grounds the Cabinet has decided that the medium of direction for Math and Science will return to Bahasa Malaysia in national schools and mother-tongue linguistic communications in national-type schools from 2012 onwards and the reversal of the instruction of Math and Science in English ( PPSMI ) policy will be conducted in phases. The virtues of PPSMI Back so, the medium for communicating in instruction system was chiefly used our mother-tongue, Malay linguistic communication. Then in order to develop the state, the premier curate at that clip, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad proposed a policy that changed the medium of direction from the Malay linguistic communication to English for the instruction and acquisition of Science and Mathematics topics. Basically the policy was made based on the authorities ‘s concern on the state ‘s human capital development towards accomplishing the criterion of a developed state, every bit good as an early readying to vie in the epoch of globalisation. Kim ( 2011 ) stated that scientific discipline and mathematics are two chief Fieldss that form the footing and have a important function in the advancement and development of a state. Besides, the turning watercourse of transmutations and finds in these two Fieldss happen quickly and information entree in these Fieldss is largely in the English linguistic communication excessively. So, the command in this linguistic communication would do us easier to acquire the cognition in scientific discipline and mathematics. Though by presenting PPSMI is non the best method to better English, it is however a worthy enterprise that will convey the duplicate benefits of betterment in English every bit good as ready connectivity to the universe of scientific discipline and engineering. Harmonizing to Kim ( 2011 ) , oppositions of PPSMI ever make Russia and China as an illustration that one can lodge to one ‘s national linguistic communication and yet accomplish outstanding advancement in scientific discipline and technology.A But these critics forget that states like Russia and China have large populations and their people are good equipped with cognition in scientific discipline and engineering comparison to us, Malaysians that largely still depends on aliens. One more thing is about the resources. English text books are already widely used in our establishments of higher acquisition excessively, so why must we halt the instruction of mathematics and scientific discipline in English at an earlier age and change over back to Malay linguistic communication? The merely acceptable ground for halting PPSMI should merely because of the deficiency of English-proficient instructors. They did non hold sufficient preparation to be able to learn efficaciously. However, many options can be conducted to develop them. After that, all they needed is sufficient clip to accommodate to the alteration and later travel frontward to run into the challenges. In decision, we can straight see that the policy determination to implement PPSMI was made to do certain pupils ‘ command in scientific discipline and mathematics in position of the fact that most of the beginnings are available in the English linguistic communication. Indirectly, it is besides hoped that the execution of PPSMI would lend to the enhancing of pupils ‘ bid of the linguistic communication. The demerits of PPSMI Even though PPSMI seemed to be a good policy to be implemented in our instruction system, after much idea and considerations from experts, non-governmental organisations and concerned persons about the impact of PPSMI on pupil acquisition, the authorities decided to get rid of the instruction and acquisition of Science and Mathematics in English. Harmonizing to an article ‘Why PPSMI is abolished ‘ in The Star newspaper, the cabinet found that during the execution of PPSMI merely 4 % of Mathematicss and Science instructors used 90 % or more of English in the instruction and acquisition of the two topics. A mixture of Bahasa Malaysia and English was used more by them and the instructors had to often exchange to Bahasa Malaysia in their instruction because pupils could non understand their lessons in English. To turn out the statement above, a survey conducted by a group of educationalists from the Universiti Perguruan Sultan Idris ( UPSI ) revealed that 70 % of Form Two pupils found it difficult to larn Mathematicss and Science in English. Another survey done by a Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ( UKM ) professor concluded that PPSMI hampered pupils ‘ ability to understand Mathematicss and Science constructs, hence ensuing in their hapless public presentation in these two topics. The cabinet besides stated that lone pupils with good bid of English benefited from PPSMI while others who lack of proficiency in English became victims. So, obviously it is unjust to these pupils if the authorities decide to go on with the policy. â€Å" Apart from holding to larn a linguistic communication which is non their female parent lingua, our kids are being made to analyze the two topics in English every bit good, † A Muhyidin said, adding that surveies had besides shown that pupils would break understand a topic if it was taught in their female parent lingua. The determination to change by reversal to Bahasa Malaysia is in line with the place taken by Unesco that the female parent lingua is the best medium of direction in schools. As we can see the current coevals of attorneies, comptrollers, scientists, technocrats, and other professionals are the merchandise of our National Education System where Bahasa Malaysia is the medium of direction in schools. Therefore, it has proven that Bahasa Malaysia is an effectual medium of direction in the national schools. Drumhead All in all, whether it is the execution or reversal of PPSMI, the biggest also-rans are still pupils in Malaysia. So it is of import that wise actions must be done by every party to assist the pupils from being victim to the unsteady policies in Malaysia educational system. However before authorities want to present new policy, surely they did some researches before it was implemented and same goes to the new policy that replaces PPSMI now. Although PPSMI is no longer used as a medium of direction at schools, the desire to get the hang English should non be stopped in our immature coevalss because our state needs a population that is competent in English to must bring forth top class workers who will be able to vie in the globalised universe. In relation to this, the Education Ministry has taken comprehensive steps to better our pupils ‘ bid of English through the new policy, Strengthening English Language ( MBI ) policy. Besides that, there are several ways that authorities attempts to make in order to guarantee pupils get a good bid in English linguistic communication for illustration bettering the methods of instruction and acquisition of English in schools, increasing English hours and engaging quality English instructors, including from abroad, to assist our pupils be proficient in English. The support from all parents excessively is another cardinal factor to heighten the quality of our instruction and better pupil acquisition. How to cite The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay, Essay examples

Human Rights Foreign Policy

Question: Discuss about the Human Rightsfor Foreign Policy. Answer: Introduction Human rights issues are highly considered as issues of social significance in the contemporary times of uncertainty and change. This report seeks to discuss on the role of academics and their researches in the issue of human rights and their contribution towards handling the challenges that are faced in that context. Australia is notoriously renowned for their low human rights standards. They have been rebuked largely for failing in managing indigenous health, counter-terrorism, foreign policy and more (NewsComAu 2016). Academics have studied these issues extensively, put in their useful opinions in the matter, and attempted to help mellow down the situation with recommendations. This report would focus on two academics, Professor Sandra Gifford from Swinburne Institute for Social Research and Dr Lisa Hartley from Curtin University. Both of their contribution in the field of human rights issues would be analysed and compared to find out which one is more useful in the context. Issue and Academics Human rights follow the basic concept of all human beings being equally created and deserving equal treatment. It is the belief none of the human beings deserve to be treated unfairly based on their ethnicity, religion, gender, financial status, origin country, age or any other parameter of discrimination. Its main agenda is that every individual receives the basic needs of food, water, shelter and clothing (Donnelly 2013). Several people agree on a basic definition of human rights, but there are many who do disagree and that gives rise to many global issues. Some of the current issues of human rights abuse include injustice against children, women, refugees and disabled people, international injustice, religious freedom and labor rights (Fariss 2014). The two academics, whose articles are to be discussed in the purview of human rights, both have a rich background of human rights research behind them. Sandra Gifford is currently a professor of Anthropology and Refugee Studies at the Swinburne Institute for Social Research, Australia. Prior to that, she was engaged as a founding director of the La Trobe Refugee Research Centre - La Trobe University. With her background in medical anthropology, she extensively researched on the issues of ethnicity, migration, settlement and health in the Australian context. Sandra mostly contributes and supervises in the fields of refugee settlement, young people having a refugee background, identity and belonging and the employment of ICTs in enforced migration and displacement (Swinburne.edu.au 2017). Lisa Hartley at present works at the Centre for Human Rights Education and has been associated since 2012. She has spread out in interdisciplinary teaching and research in the field of human rights and social change. She is driven by the desire to close the gap between theory and practice. Her studies expand across the domains of refugee and migrant issues, community and social psychology. She touches upon topics of refugee resettlement concerns, refugees and asylum seekers rights and bigotry towards marginalized social groups and intercessions for reduction in prejudice. She has a wide range of experience in casework and advocacy by working for asylum seekers in immigration detention and refugees in the society (Oasisapps.curtin.edu.au 2017). Analysis Taking Sandra Griffords research journal Working for a better life: Longitudinal evidence on the predictors of employment among recently arrived refugee migrant men living in Australia, which she wrote with fellow researchers Ignacio Correa-Velez and Adrian G Barnett, it can be seen that her research can be considered as one of the very few longitudinal studies on refugee migrant employment. Although she specializes in young people researches, this particular study focuses on adult men, refugees, and the predictors of their employment. The predictors of employment identified by her in this particular study significantly helped in understanding the employment patterns in the market for migrant workers. The perseverance she showed in completing this research, which needed her to extend it for two years to get the longitudinal data, shows her commitment towards her work (Von Culin, Tsukayama and Duckworth 2014). Sandras specialty lies in ethnographic longitudinal studies that has been c arried out with the help of a mixing of methods stretching from homogenous surveys and comprehensive interviewing to digital media, film and hands-on art based approaches. Her major research interests count in forced migration and anthropology that encompasses all her research works. In comparison to Sandras work, Lisa Hartleys research paper Asylum Seekers and Resettled Refugees in Australia: Predicting Social Policy Attitude From Prejudice Versus Emotion that she has composed with the help of fellow researcher Anne Pedersen focuses entirely on a different aspect. Her paper examines the initial situation refugees and asylum seekers face on arrival in Australia, the social policy attitudes for examining of prejudice and the predictors of these attitudes. Similar to Sandy Giffords research, Hartleys paper People Seeking Asylum in Australia and their Access to Employment: Just What Do We Know? that she composed together with Caroline Fleay and Anita Lumbus also examines the employment situation of refugees and asylum seekers. She has a different approach to the situation, using research reviews on employment experiences and policies for acquiring a more nuanced picture. What she finds from her research are almost similar to that of Giffords employment situations a nd opportunities improve with time for the refugees and asylum seekers. She also talks about prejudice and how the representations in front of the public determines the publics attitudes towards them. In another of Hartleys research she conducted with Anne Pedersen, Can We Make a Difference? Prejudice Towards Asylum Seekers in Australia and the Effectiveness of Antiprejudice Interventions, she made it a point to find out about the antecedents that lead to prejudice against asylum seekers (Smith 2014). She even discusses about the practical implications of the antiprejudicial interventions. Hartley has her interest fixed on areas of refugee rights and womens rights. She is in constant coordination with the Human Rights Project units of the Master in Human Rights course. Findings Gifford has her eyes set on finding the patterns of migration injustices in terms of education focusing majorly on young people. Her background in medical anthropology drives her need to connect the refugee injustices with sociological patterns. The conducts her research around forced migration and the resettled asylum seekers. Her papers come under the overall category of social change and humanitarianism. On the other hand, Hartley has a much broader categories of topics under her sleeves. She reaches across the subjects of migrant studies, sociology, community and social psychology. She has a genuine attempt towards mitigating the injustices and depressive situations the refugees come face-to-face with. Instead of sticking to just one variable in her researches she explores multiple others (Bryman and Bell 2015). This makes her contribution in the field more broad and diverse. Conclusion Human rights have been seen in this report in a single way the injustice that takes place against refugees and asylum seekers and the prejudice they face. Two researchers, Sandra Gifford and Lisa Hartley have been chosen to compare their contribution in this field. They both have significant contributions in this human rights field of research. They both assess the situations the refugees and forced migrants in Australia face. Their research work, if compared shows Gifford looks at the employment variable and the situations of young people, whereas Hartley looks at the situations and issues in a much broader perspective. Recommendation In the context of the dire and depressing situation migrant and asylum seekers face in Australia in terms of attitude and employment, certain recommendations can be put forward to aid them further: Helping the Red Cross in Australia, who attempts to enhance the predicament of asylum seekers and refugees, by giving crisis money related alleviation and connecting individuals to lodging, training and social bolster programs. Amnesty International has nearby activity gathers crosswise over Australia that work to bring issues to light about a scope of human rights issues, including asylum seekers. These gatherings meet month to month to examine issues and choose viable approaches to bring issues to light, raise finances and make a move to have human rights affect. References Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Donnelly, J., 2013.Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press. Fariss, C.J., 2014. Respect for human rights has improved over time: Modeling the changing standard of accountability.American Political Science Review,108(02), pp.297-318. NewsComAu. 2016. Advance Australia not fair: Oz named and shamed. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/human-rights-watch-world-report-2016-australia-criticised/news-story/94577b43adcaadbaede97eb162d41d45 Oasisapps.curtin.edu.au. 2017. View staff profile. [online] Available at: https://oasisapps.curtin.edu.au/staff/profile/view/Lisa.Hartley Smith, E.R., 2014. Social identity and social emotions: toward new concepitualizations of prejudice.Affect, cognition and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception,297. Swinburne.edu.au. 2017. Profile | Swinburne University of Technology. [online] Available at: https://www.swinburne.edu.au/health-arts-design/staff/profile/index.php?id=sgifford Von Culin, K.R., Tsukayama, E. and Duckworth, A.L., 2014. Unpacking grit: Motivational correlates of perseverance and passion for long-term goals.The Journal of Positive Psychology,9(4), pp.306-312. Bibliography Correa?Velez, I., Barnett, A.G. and Gifford, S., 2015. Working for a better life: Longitudinal evidence on the predictors of employment among recently arrived refugee migrant men living in Australia.International Migration,53(2), pp.321-337. Fleay, C., Lumbus, A. and Hartley, L., 2016. People Seeking Asylum in Australia and their Access to Employment: Just What Do We Know?.Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal,8(2), pp.63-83. Hartley, L.K. and Pedersen, A., 2015. Asylum seekers and resettled refugees in Australia: Predicting social policy attitude from prejudice versus emotion.Journal of Social and Political Psychology,3(1), pp.179-197. Pedersen, A. and Hartley, L.K., 2015. Can we make a difference? Prejudice towards asylum seekers in Australia and the effectiveness of antiprejudice interventions.Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology,9(01), pp.1-14.

Reporting Obligations Model Liabilities and Contingent

Question: Discuss about the Reporting Obligations Model Liabilities and Contingent. Answer: Introduction: The first issue pertaining to accounting of temporary differences and DTA and DTL is detailed as follows: Pewter Limited is a company incorporated under Corporations Act, 2001. For a company, the financial report for a financial year must comply with the accounting standards as issued by the Accounting Standards Board as given under Section 296. Further, AASB Standard 112 on Income Taxes has been issued for prescribing accounting treatment for income taxes which includes the current tax and deferred tax. (Cpaaustralia,2017) The tax income and the accounting income is not the same. It is due to the fact that accounting income is based on accrual system of accounting whereas tax income is independent of accounting income and is based on the enactment of tax laws in force. The requirement of accounting for future tax consequences is required under Corporations Act and the relevant accounting standards. It has whatsoever no relation with the tax authority as the tax authorities depends on the return of income filed and not on the financial statements prepared. A company is collectively owned by shareholders who are the real owners of the company. They appoint the Management/Board to look after the day to day affairs of the company. One such affair includes preparation and presentation of financial statements which gives a true and view. Such is the requirement under Corporations Act. In such a scenario, where a true a fair presentation required is not met, it shall have an adverse impact on the users of the financial statements. A deferred tax asset is recognized if there is future economic inflows to the company against which the deductible temporarily differences can be adjusted. Also, carry forward losses be adjusted against such future inflows. (Legalthomsonreuters.au. 2017) A deferred tax liability is recognized when the amount under tax base is allowed under Income Tax higher than the books value. Such difference is temporary in nature and will reverse subsequently resulting in paying higher taxes in future.( AASB, 2017) The whole idea of deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability is based on the fundamental accounting concepts. Matching Concept is one among them. The accounting standards prescribed should be followed by the company irrespective of the man hours or dollars spent. This may save the company from any other huge civil penalties and prosecution in future due to contravention of the provisions of Corporations Act, 2001. Further, an action may be taken against the Certified Public Accountant attesting the financial statements as the same may be concluded as misconduct under the statutory body established. Just by accounting the current liability and not the deferred tax liability might invite problems like non compliance of the laws/provisions of the Act thereby challenging the reputation of the company. The crux of the accounting standard is to account for the disparity between the accounting profit and taxation profit so as the same shall present a fair and better view. Another aspect is that it would not be uniform throughout with the other companies dealing in same industry and hence shall not be comparable to assess the performance. Recognition of Warranty Expense only at the time of actual payment: The issue pertaining to accounting of warranty expense is detailed as follows: Pewter Limited is a company incorporated under Corporations Act, 2001. For a company, the financial report for a financial year must comply with the accounting standards as issued by the Accounting Standards Board as given under Section 296. Further, AASB Standard 137 on Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets has been issued for prescribing accounting treatment for recognition and measurement of the same (AASB. 2015).Warranty Expense before actually incurring is in the nature of provision. A provision is one wherein a liability is expected in short period of time but can only be estimated. In a business run organisation, the revenues are already matched up with expenses to arrive at the profits earned by the company. This is called as matching concept. However, in some businesses, the industry practice is to replace/repair the product sold against the warranty time period which may be a day, a month, or a year or years together. In such cases, it is really impossible to say when the claim for warranty would arise. It all depends on the customers usage and how he/she handles the product. In such cases, the best alternative would be to estimate the warranty expense based on the past experiences and then create a provision for such warranty expense in the year the product is sold. The requirement of accounting for provisions is required under Corporations Act and the relevant accounting standards. A company is collectively owned by shareholders who are the real owners of the company. They appoint the Management/Board to look after the day to day affairs of the company. One such affair includes preparation and presentation of financial statements which gives a true and view. Such is the requirement under Corporations Act. In such a scenario, where a true a fair presentation required is not met, it shall have an adverse impact on the users of the financial statements. The whole idea of creating provisions is to charge the expense, be it on an estimate basis to match with the revenue for the period. The accounting standards prescribed should be followed by the company irrespective of the variances noted in the warranty provision created vis a vis the actual warranty incurred. This may save the company from any other huge civil penalties and prosecution in future due to contravention of the provisions of Corporations Act, 2001. Further, an action may be taken against the Certified Public Accountant attesting the financial statements as the same may be concluded as misconduct under the statutory body established. Just by not accounting the provision on actual incurring basis, the company might invite problems like non compliance of the laws/provisions of the Act thereby challenging the reputation of the company. The crux of the accounting standard is to account for the matching of revenue and expense so that the profit over the years shall be in the same pattern. Another aspect is that it would not be uniform throughout with the other companies dealing in same industry and hence shall not be comparable to assess the performance. Recognition of Goodwill, Unregistered Patents and Shares: The issue pertaining to each of the following is detailed as below: Pewter Limited is a company incorporated under Corporations Act, 2001. For a company, the financial report for a financial year must comply with the accounting standards as issued by the Accounting Standards Board as given under Section 296. Further, AASB Standard 138 on Intangible Assets has been issued for prescribing accounting treatment for recognition and measurement of the same. It is pertinent to note that as per AASB 3 only purchased goodwill can be recognized as an intangible asset in the books of accounts (AASB, 2015).Recognition of Goodwill generated internally is not allowed as per AASB 138. Para 48 to 50 of AASB 138 deals with the internally generated goodwill which states such goodwill generated internally shall not be recognized. (AASB, 2015) Recognition and Measurement of unrecorded patent in books of accounts: It has been assumed that the expenditure incurred for the patents at the initial phase was recorded as expense in the statement of profit and loss account. On basis of such assumption, we proceed and as given in Para 71 of the AASB 138, any expenditure that was incurred on an intangible item previously charged to statement of profit and loss shall not be recognized as an intangible asset. (Deloitte,2015). Goodwill though measurable in the current case cannot be recognized in financial statements and books of accounts. On sale of division, the shareholders of Pewter Company shall receive shares in the Canadian Company. This receipt of shares is in the nature of consideration for sale of the division. It is received by the shareholders in lieu of foregoing their right in Pewter company. Such shareholders will now become the shareholders of the Canadian company. Disclosure of the shares received: Such shares would be shown as Investment in the books of accounts of Pewter Company. The disclosure requirement of the relevant accounting standards has been referred to and the requirement of various accounting standards as required under Corporations Act has been applied on case to case basis. A company is collectively owned by shareholders who are the real owners of the company. They appoint the Management/Board to look after the day to day affairs of the company. One such affair includes preparation and presentation of financial statements which gives a true and view. Such is the requirement under Corporations Act. In such a scenario, where a true a fair presentation required is not met, it shall have an adverse impact on the users of the financial statements. The accounting standards prescribed should be followed by the company. This may save the company from any other huge civil penalties and prosecution in future due to contravention of the provisions of Corporations Act, 2001. Further, an action may be taken against the Certified Public Accountant attesting the financial statements as the same may be concluded as misconduct under the statutory body established. Another aspect is that it would not be uniform throughout with the other companies dealing in same industry and hence shall not be comparable to assess the performance. References: Cpaaustralia.(2017).IAS 12 Income Tax , Fact Sheet .Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/ifrs-factsheets/factsheet-ias12-income-taxes.pdf?la=en. (Accessed 19 Jan. 2017). Deloitte.com.(2015).Reporting Obligations Model. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_08-15_COMPoct15_01-18.pdf (Accessed 19 Jan. 2017) AASB. (2015).Accounting for Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB137_08-15.pdf (Accessed 19 Jan. 2017) AASB, (2017).Accounting for Income Taxes.Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB112_08-15.pdf .(Accessed 19 Jan. 2017) AASB,(2015).Business Combinations. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB3_08-15.pdf (Accessed 19 Jan. 2017) AASB, (2015).Intangibles.Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_08-15_COMPoct15_01-18.pdf (Accessed 19 Jan. 2017) Legalthomsonreuters.au. (2017).Guidance Note.,Available at: https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/media/guides/cpd/teat_ug.pdf (Accessed 19 Jan. 2017)